2013年12月15日 星期日

【翻譯】15 Of The Most Majestic Caves In The World


These stunning caves aren’t part of some fairy-tale world or horror movie – they can be found in some of the world’s most remote places in Asia, North America and Europe.

這些令人震驚的洞穴並不是奇幻世界或是恐怖電影的一部分 - 它們可以在亞洲, 北美和歐洲的最邊陲的角落發現.

Some of these caves form when water seeps down through cracks in limestone rock. The limestone rock dissolves into the water bit by bit, forming cracks and openings. Over millions of years, these openings, and the limestone left behind by dripping water, can form the majestic caves you see here.

一部分這些洞穴是由水滲透進石灰石的裂縫中. 這些石灰石一點一滴的溶解在水中, 形成裂縫和開口. 經過幾百萬年後, 這些開口以及石灰石經過滴水流下, 就形成了這些你看到的奇妙洞穴.

Other caves were formed over millions of years by being gradually worn away by lake or sea water.

其他洞穴是經由百萬年期間由湖水或是海水逐漸磨損(?)來的.

If you’re thinking of rushing off to visit one of these caves, hold your horses. Although some of the caves are open for public, like Phraya Nakhon Cave in Thailand, the majority of them are only open to extreme adventurers who have to get their passes in advance. As you can see from the pictures below, the people who get the chance to explore these natural beauties are equipped with some special equipment.

如果你打算急著去拜訪這些洞穴, 稍安勿躁. 雖然這些洞穴有部分是開放給大眾的, 像是泰國的披耶那空山洞; 但是大部分都是開放給極限冒險家先行前往探險的. 你可以看到底下的這些照片, 有機會去探索這些自然美景的人都需要配備了一些特殊的設備.

Fortunately for us, almost all expeditions to the caves are joined by professional photographers. Their precious photo shoots allow us to learn about those mysterious places on Earth that are still untouched by humankind.

幸運地, 大部分的洞穴探勘都有專業的攝影師加入. 他們珍貴的照片讓我們學到那些地球上尚未被人類接觸過的奇幻地點.

1. Son Doong Cave, Vietnam

1. 山水洞(韓松洞),  越南




Image credits: National Geographic
圖片來源: 國家地理

The Son Doong cave in Vietnam is the largest currently known cave in the world. It is filled with countless wonders including isolated ecosystems, weather systems and geological formations. For more information, check out our post about Son Doong.

越南的山水洞是目前已知最大的洞穴. 它充滿了無數的奇觀, 包括了生態系統, 氣候系統和地質構造.更多訊息可以點擊我們之前關於山水洞的報導.

2. Ice Cave Near The Mutnovsky Volcano, Russia

2. 穆特洛夫斯基火山附近的冰洞, 俄羅斯

Image credits: Denis Budko

Image credits: Florian Wizorek

Image credits: Florian Wizorek
Ice caves like these form in the glaciers surrounding the Mutnovsky Volcano in Russia. Some of them are formed by vents that release volcanic heat and gases called fumaroles.

這些形式的冰洞是位於環繞在位於俄羅斯的穆特洛夫斯基火山周圍的冰川中.一部分是由於通風口或稱作噴氣孔釋放出火山熱和氣體形成的.

3. Naica Mine, Mexico

3. 奈卡礦坑, 墨西哥





Image credits: nicole_denise

The Naica Mine caves in Mexico are home to some of the largest crystals ever seen. The Crystal Cave, where these crystals are located, is closed to the public because of its depth, heat and other issues. However, plenty of pictures have been taken to document this monumental crystal cavern.

位於墨西哥的奈卡礦坑是世界上所見到的最大水晶的家鄉.水晶洞穴, 這些水晶的所在地, 因為深藏在地底, 有著溫度和其他因素, 所以是不開放給大眾的. 不過已經拍攝了大量的照片來記錄這個水晶洞穴.

4. Vatnajokull Glacier Cave, Iceland

4. 瓦特納冰河洞穴, 冰島


Image credits: orvaratli

Image credits: Einar Runar Sigurdson

Image credits: skarpi
This cave is located in Iceland’s Vatnajokull Glacier, the largest glacier in Europe. Caves like these form due to melting glacial icewater, but they can be dangerous because glaciers are constantly breaking and changing.

這個洞穴位於冰島的瓦特納冰河, 歐洲最大的冰河.這些洞穴是由融化冰河的冰水形成的. 不過由於冰河會經常破碎和變化,它們是非常危險的.

5. Batu Caves, Malaysia

5. 巴圖洞穴, 馬來西亞


Image credits: Danny Xeero

The Batu Caves in Malaysia have been used by English and Chinese settlers as well as the indigenous Temuan people. The bat guano in the cave was mined for agricultural purposes, but now the cave is filled with statues and is open to visitors.

馬來西亞的巴圖洞穴已經被英國和中國的殖民者和當地土著 Temuan 人所使用. 洞穴內的蝙蝠糞曾經被開採作為農業用途, 不過現在洞穴已經到處都是雕像並且開放給遊客.

6. Mendenhall Glacier Cave, USA

6. 曼德荷冰河洞穴, 美國


Image credits: Kent Mearig

This ice cave is part of the Mendenhall Glacier near Juneau, Alaska. The spectacular cave was carved out of the glacier by melting icewater. Due to the ever-changing conditions at glaciers, it is unclear whether this cave will still be around for long.

這個冰洞是位於阿拉斯加, 靠近朱諾的曼德荷冰河的一部分. 這個壯觀的洞穴是經由融化的冰水刻蝕出來的. 由於冰河持續的在變動,沒人知道這洞穴會存在多久.

7. Cave in Algarve, Portugal

7. 阿爾加維的洞穴, 葡萄牙


Image credits: Bruno Carlos

The Algarve region in Portugal, where this cave is located, is prone to various seaside formations because of the rock face’s relative solubility in water. This specific cave near Lagos is accessible only by water.

葡萄牙的阿爾加維區域是這洞穴的所在地, 這周圍都是岩岸卻會形成這類似一般海灘的地方是因為這部分的岩石表面相對易溶於水. 這個位於拉各斯的特殊洞穴是只能經由海上到達.

8. Glowworms Cave, New Zealand

8. 螢火蟲洞穴, 紐西蘭






Image credits: waitomo.com

The Waitomo glowworm caves in New Zealand are home to a unique insect – the glowworm. This insect hangs glistening silken strands from the ceiling of the cave and glows to attract unsuspecting prey. To read more about this fascinating and unique ecosystem, check out our post about the Waitomo caves.

紐西蘭的懷托摩螢火蟲洞穴是一種獨特昆蟲的家鄉 - the glowworm. 這種昆蟲懸掛閃亮發光的綢絲來吸引不知情的獵物. 想要閱讀更多關於這個迷人又獨特的生態系統請點擊我們以前關於的懷托摩洞穴的文章.

9. Tham Lod Cave, Thailand

9. Tham Lod Cave, 泰國



Image credits: John Spies

The Nam Lang river runs through the Tham Lod cave in northern Thailand. The cave is filled with beautiful stalactites and stalagmites and is home to hundreds of thousands of Pacific swifts that have adapted to spend parts of their lives in caves.

在泰國北部, Nam Lang 河流經 Tham Lod 洞穴. 這洞穴充滿了漂亮的鐘乳石和石筍, 以及幾十萬適應洞穴生活太平洋海燕的窩.

10. Kyaut Sae Cave, Myanmar

10. Kyaut Sae Cave, 緬甸


Image credits: Leopard

Very little is known about this cave in Kyaut Se, Myanmar, other than that the inside has been fitted as a Buddhist temple.

對這個位於緬甸, Kyaut Se 的洞穴所知甚少, 除此之外, 裡面已經被裝置成一個佛教寺廟.

11. Marble Caves, Patagonia

11. 大理石洞穴, 巴塔哥尼亞


Image credits: Edison Zanatto

Image credits: kellywhite
The Marble Caves in Patagona are known for the spectacular reflections that the turquoise water casts on the white marble ceiling of the cave. They are also called the Marble Cathedral because of their beautiful and arching forms.

巴塔哥尼亞的大理石洞穴最著名的是壯觀反射,碧綠色的水映射在洞穴白色大理石天花板. 他們也因為這裡漂亮的拱形而稱這裡為大理石教堂.

12. Antelope Canyon, USA

12. 羚羊峽谷, 美國


Image credits: wikipedia.org

Image credits: Greg Boratyn
Antelope Canyon in Arizona was carved out by thousands of years of persistent wind and flash floods, which is why its smooth walls look so smooth and fluid. During the desert’s monsoon season, dangerous flash floods can occur without warning from rains that have fallen miles away. These flash floods have taken the lives of quite a few unwary tourists.

亞利桑那州的羚羊峽谷是幾千年來被持續的風和山洪雕蝕而成, 這也是為什麼它光滑的牆壁看起來如此平滑流暢. 當沙漠中的雨季來臨時, 危險的山洪可以在沒警告之前就從幾英里外襲來. 這些山洪以奪走一些粗心旅客的生命.

13. Phraya Nakhon Cave, Thailand

13. 帕亞那空山洞, 泰國


Image credits: Georgi Iashvili

Image credits: Wasitpol Unchanakorrakit
The Phraya Nakhon Cave in Thailand was historically a popular visiting place for local kings because of the illumination provided by the collapsed roofs. The pavilion in the center was built for the visit of King Chulalongkorn in 1890.

泰國的帕亞那空山洞是歷史悠久給當地國王一遊的地方, 因為它的照明是由坍塌的屋頂所提供. 中間的涼亭是由於國王在 1890 年到訪時建立.

14. Ellison’s Cave, USA

14. 埃裡森洞穴, 美國


Image credits: secondglobe.com
This is the Fantastic Cave pit, part of Ellison’s Cave in Georgia, U.S.A. It is a popular attraction for pit cavers – those who enjoy rappelling down vertical subterranean drops.

這是一個神奇的洞穴坑, 位於美國喬治亞州埃裡森洞穴的一部分. 它對那些喜歡垂直垂降下來的洞穴坑探險者有普遍的吸引力.

15. Reed Flute Cave, China

15. 蘆笛岩洞, 中國


Image credits: Peter Stewart

Image credits: Pasquale di Pilato
The Reed Flute Cave in Guangxi, China has been visited by tourists for at least 1200 years. The cave is home to a spectacular array of stalagmites and stalactites. It is named for the reeds that grow at its mouth, which can be made into flutes.

中國廣西的蘆笛岩洞早在 1200 年前就被遊客拜訪. 這洞穴是壯觀的鐘乳石和石筍陣列的家. 它被命名來源是為可以做成笛子, 從口中長出的蘆葦.

2013年12月5日 星期四

【化語】洽特兩三事


這是最近在跟洽特一個遊戲串發生的事.



之前這串遊戲來了個雪風系提督(註1), 之前的事就先不提. 他今天上來發了篇文章, 內容寫說他最近開發運多糟, 造船每天四艘戰艦公式也只出兩艘鈴谷(註2).

我看到這篇心裡 OS: 雪風系提督又上來放閃了. 我是沒有動作, 畢竟經過上一任雪風系提督每天放閃早已免疫. 當然其他人並不是那麼想, 就開始開砲了.

"我覺得是上來放嘲諷的."

"你根本不知道你運氣有多好.."

後來那雪風系提督就怒發一篇說不來這串就自刪全部文章了. 看到這結果其實蠻無言的. 底下的話是本來想私下跟他說的, 不過想想反正我又不認識他, 就沒寄了.

人, 有想要炫耀的心理是合理的. 畢竟自己不是沒有付出, 這些成果是自己掙來的. 只是炫耀的人通常會覺得這些事情很正常, 很普通. 我知道你也沒這個意思, 因為你認為這只是理所當然的小事. 只是把這種事情刻意當成瑣碎事來聊, 還刻意說自己運氣不好, 這樣的氣氛其實看多了會讓人不悅.


並不是所有人都很有雅量, 洽特上的反應就看得出來, 畢竟不是所有人都能把洽特的話當成嘴砲並一笑置之. 又或許你投入了沒寫出來的努力, 是個新一代的飛里沙提督(註3), 只看表面文章就開砲的也不是沒有責任. 對我來說, 洽特這種無法確認對方說話內容的真假的地方, 況且大家都是匿名, 實在沒必要太在意對方說的話.


註1: 形容運氣極好的玩家, 這遊戲造船和開發裝備都像是在抽獎.

註2: 鈴谷是重巡, 不是他想要的戰艦, 不過取得難度是全重巡第二高.

註3: 指課金超過 53 萬隻羊的玩家


2013年11月19日 星期二

【跫響】無情銀行

無情銀行

 江上剛

最近上班通勤看得一本. 第一次看這種財金小說, 裡面一些專業的術語不特別去 google 還真不知道意思. 一連看的兩本, 都是在封閉體制環境的故事(上一本是山崎豐子的白色巨塔, 拖稿中)

這本"無情銀行"的故事由此開始, 一家即將要被併購的"大榮銀行", 銀行內一位奉獻十年以上卻被架空的職員岡村, 在火車站意外身亡(或是自殺? 書內並沒有講明.) 銀行高層擔心這事件會影響銀行與他行的合併, 所以採取高壓的手段, 不准行員討論甚至於不允許參與喪禮, 對外則以這只是一樁意外來說明. 因次引發了岡村的好友主角竹內的強烈不滿, 而藉由這股不平怒火要為已故好友討回公道.

之後竹內找到了三位志同道合的夥伴, 根據先前獲得的關於公司高層中村(將岡村架空的主事者)一條弊案的線索, 想能藉此逼退中村而使銀行能夠有所改變. 但是面對銀行高層, 以及和其有利益輸送的共犯黑道; 面對失業的可能和生命的威脅, 他們仍勇往直前, 希望正義能夠伸張....

他們第一次聚會其中的一句台詞 "希望正義能夠伸張!" 我在高鐵上看到的時候笑了出來, 我想問他們 "正義是甚麼?" 是法律嗎? 故事結尾中村及其共犯結構的黑道, 皆因此弊案被揭發而受到法律的調查. 正義就能藉此伸張? 法律不也是少部分人訂出來的.

死神這部漫畫我想很多人聽過 & 看過, 我是已經很久沒追了, 詳細原因就不在這說明. 不過這套漫畫道是有句話一值深藏我心:

"正義不是用來掛在嘴邊的, 沒有力量, 就沒有正義."

大榮銀行內, 高層中村和黑道掛勾洗錢, 高壓統治, 無理由架空職員, 透過黑道威脅,...他們有那個"力量"伸張他們的"正義" 主角他們一界小職員, 也只能透過比他們有力量的其他高層出面, 之後也才能透過有更大力量的法律才能制裁. 不正是驗證了上面那句話?

"正義是甚麼?"

"Justice will be done?"

2013年11月10日 星期日

【跫響】螢火蟲之墓

螢火蟲之墓 

野版昭如

上下班通勤時間看這本書有點鬱悶, 書中幾篇短篇述說日本二戰末期至戰後人民生活, 以及在資源短缺的情況下的各種無奈. 本書中充分展現作者野版昭如對過去的回憶和懺悔情緒, 第一篇〈螢火蟲之墓〉便是作者體驗的翻版. 他在戰爭結束前都與養父母生活, 戰火摧毀了他圓滿而優渥的生活; 養父死了,養母被燒傷, 也的確有一個幼小妹妹在戰爭中餓死. 作者說, 他不可能忘記妹妹去世時只剩皮包骨的模樣, 既使現在戰後數十年了, 只要一回想, 依舊深感懊悔. 或許是這種刻苦銘心的體驗和自責愧疚, 才有著這篇讓人鼻酸, 動容又感動人心的作品誕生. 戰爭是殘酷的, 殃及池魚的終究還是人民.

【跫響】令人戰慄的格林童話

令人戰慄的格林童話

桐生操

這幾天上班通勤的時候看完這本. 剛看的時候還被書上所寫的內容唬住了, 以為這才是未修改版的格林童話. 後來去餵狗後才知道是作者以格林童話為創意來源的個人創作.

書中所改編的六個童話, 著重於原版故事的起因作更符合人性的補充, 比如說白雪公主的母后為什麼要將她除掉. 這本書或許不太適合小孩讀, 故事情節有血腥暴力亂倫甚麼的都來了. 不過看完以後仔細的回想一下小時候看的格林童話, 好像也沒有差很多. XD 然後卻對小時候看到這些內容沒反應感到納悶.

【跫響】古書堂事件手帖~栞子與她的奇異賓客~

古書堂事件手帖~栞子與她的奇異賓客~

三上延

這本書在研替第一階段基礎訓練的最後一天下午,跟同袍借來看的。在成功嶺當了十多天的白癡,這本書就像是天降甘霖一般。

『視其所以,觀其所由,察其所安;人焉廋哉?人焉廋哉?』則是看完的感想。人們總是在不知不覺中留下痕跡,不管是有心還是無意;我是認為人的大腦有這種特殊能力:藉由感知這些殘留的意念或是精神的碎片,便能探索當事人的心理狀況。只是我想大部分的人因為在小時後未受訓練,因此開關被 turn off 了。

2013年9月11日 星期三

【翻譯】10 American Foods that are Banned in Other Countries

10 American Foods that are Banned in Other Countries

原文網址

Americans are slowly waking up to the sad fact that much of the food sold in the US is far inferior to the same foods sold in other nations. In fact, many of the foods you eat are BANNED in other countries.

美國人慢慢地知道一個可悲的事實:在美國出售的食物是遠不如其他國家銷售的同樣食物。事實上,許多你們吃的食物在其他國家是禁止的。

Here, I’ll review 10 American foods that are banned elsewhere, which were featured in a recent MSN article.Seeing how the overall health of Americans is so much lower than other industrialized countries, you can’t help but wonder whether toxic foods such as these might play a role in our skyrocketing disease rates.

這裡我將檢閱 10 種在最近的 MSN 文章中被高亮表示,在別處被禁止的美國食物。這文章可以看到美國人的平均健康是比其他工業化國家人民低很多,你不禁懷疑是否像這些有毒的食物可能是我們暴漲的發病率有重要的關係。

#1: Farm-Raised Salmon

#1: 養殖鮭魚


If you want to maximize health benefits from fish, you want to steer clear of farmed fish, particularly farmed salmon fed dangerous chemicals. Wild salmon gets its bright pinkish-red color from natural carotenoids in their diet. Farmed salmon, on the other hand, are raised on a wholly unnatural diet of grains (including genetically engineered varieties), plus a concoction of antibiotics and other drugs and chemicals not shown to be safe for humans.

如果你想要從魚類獲得最大的健康,你必須遠離那些養殖魚類,尤其是餵養危險化學藥物的養殖鮭魚。野生的鮭魚從食物中獲取天然的類胡蘿蔔素使它們呈現明亮的粉紅色。另一方面來說,養殖鮭魚被餵食完全不自然的穀類食物(包含基因改造品種),加上抗生素以及其他未被證實對人安全之藥品。

variety 品種
concoction 藥汁

This diet leaves the fish with unappetizing grayish flesh so to compensate, they’re fed synthetic astaxanthin made from petrochemicals, which has not been approved for human consumption and has well known toxicities. According to the featured article, some studies suggest it can potentially damage your eyesight. More details are available in yesterday’s article.

這些飼料讓魚肉呈現不可口的灰色;為了要補救這狀況,魚被餵食石化合成的蝦青素;這些是還沒被批准可供人類食用,並眾所皆知含有毒性。根據那些被提到的文章,一些研究表明出它可能會永久傷害你的視力。可以在昨天的文章中看到更詳細的細節。

Where it’s banned: Australia and New Zealand

在那邊被禁止:澳大利亞和紐西蘭

How can you tell whether a salmon is wild or farm-raised? The flesh of wild sockeye salmon is bright red, courtesy of its natural astaxanthin content. It’s also very lean, so the fat marks, those white stripes you see in the meat, are very thin. If the fish is pale pink with wide fat marks, the salmon is farmed.

要怎麼分辨鮭魚是野生的還是養殖的? 野生的鮭魚肉是明亮的紅色,由於含有天然的蝦青素。另外野生鮭魚也非常瘦,所以那些肥胖標記:魚肉上的白色條紋是非常細的。如果魚肉是蒼白的粉紅色又帶有肥胖標記,這鮭魚是養殖的。

courtesy 禮貌
lean 瘦

Avoid Atlantic salmon, as typically salmon labeled “Atlantic Salmon” currently comes from fish farms. The two designations you want to look for are: “Alaskan salmon,” and “sockeye salmon,” as Alaskan sockeye is not allowed to be farmed. Please realize that the vast majority of all salmon sold in restaurants is farm raised.

避開大西洋鮭魚,通常被標有"大西洋鮭魚"的鮭魚來自於養魚場。你要找的兩個標示是:"阿拉斯加鮭魚" 和 "紅鮭魚", 阿拉斯加 sockeye 鮭魚是不能養殖的。請了解市面上大部分在餐廳販售的所有鮭魚都是養殖的。

designation 標示

So canned salmon labeled “Alaskan Salmon” is a good bet, and if you find sockeye salmon, it’s bound to be wild. Again, you can tell sockeye salmon from other salmon by its color; its flesh is bright red opposed to pink, courtesy of its superior astaxanthin content. Sockeye salmon actually has one of the highest concentrations of astaxanthin of any food.

所以可以賭在標示"阿拉斯加鮭魚"的鮭魚罐頭,或是你找到紅鮭魚,那只可能是野生的。另外你可以用顏色分辨紅鮭魚和其他鮭魚,牠的肉含有大量的蝦青素是鮮紅色的而不是粉紅色的。紅鮭是所有食物中蝦青素含量最多的。

#2: Genetically Engineered Papaya

#2: 基因改造木瓜


Most Hawaiian papaya is now genetically engineered to be resistant to ringspot virus. Mounting research now shows that animals fed genetically engineered foods, such as corn and soy, suffer a wide range of maladies, including intestinal damage, multiple-organ damage, massive tumors, birth defects, premature death, and near complete sterility by the third generation of offspring. Unfortunately, the gigantic human lab experiment is only about 10 years old, so we are likely decades away from tabulating the human casualties.

大部分的夏威夷木瓜都被基因改造過來抵抗圈點病毒。 最近的研究顯示出動物被餵食基因改造食物像是玉米和大豆會得到各式各樣的疾病,像是腸道損傷、多器官損傷、巨大腫瘤、出生缺陷、早夭和第三世代完全不育。不幸地,人類的大型實驗室只有十年經歷,所以我們只有十年的疾病統計。

malady 弊病
intestine 腸
organ 器官
sterility 不孕症

Where it’s banned: The European Union

在哪邊被禁止:歐盟

Unfortunately, it’s clear that the US government is not in a position to make reasonable and responsible decisions related to genetically engineered foods at this point, when you consider the fact that the Obama administration has placed former Monsanto attorney and Vice President, Michael Taylor, in charge of US food safety, and serious conflicts of interest even reign supreme within the US Supreme Court! That’s right. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas is also a former Monsanto attorney, but refuses to acknowledge any conflict of interest.

不幸地,我們很清楚知道美國政府不在基因改造食物上做出合理且負責任的決定。當你考慮一個事實,歐巴馬政府已經將孟山都前律師、副總統 Michael Taylor 負責美國的食品安全;然而嚴重的利益衝突甚至發生在美國最高法院!那當然。最高法院法官 Clarence Thomas 也是孟山都前律師,不過拒絕承認有任何利益衝突。

#3: Ractopamine-Tainted Meat

#3: 瘦肉精汙染的肉

The beta agonist drug ractopamine (a repartitioning agent that increases protein synthesis) was recruited for livestock use when researchers found that the drug, used in asthma, made mice more muscular. This reduces the overall fat content of the meat. Ractopamine is currently used in about 45 percent of US pigs, 30 percent of ration-fed cattle, and an unknown percentage of turkeys are pumped full of this drug in the days leading up to slaughter. Up to 20 percent of ractopamine remains in the meat you buy from the supermarket, according to veterinarian Michael W. Fox.

當研究員發現乙型交感神經作用劑萊克多巴胺(一個能增加蛋白質合成的重新分配劑)會使哮喘實驗的白老鼠有更多的肌肉,因此就被用在牲畜上。這藥會減少整體的脂肪含量。萊克多巴胺目前用在大約百分之 45 的美國豬隻、百分之 30 的飼料牛和不確定比例的火雞上,這些牲畜每天被灌滿這些藥並等著被屠宰。根據獸醫 Michael W. Fox 指出,超過百分之 20 的萊克多巴胺會留在你在超市買的肉中。

livestock 家畜
asthma 哮喘

Since 1998, more than 1,700 people have been “poisoned” from eating pigs fed the drug, and ractopamine is banned from use in food animals in no less than 160 different countries due to its harmful health effects! Effective February 11, 2013, Russia issued a ban on US meat imports, slated to last until the US agrees to certify that the meat is ractopamine-free.

自從 1998 年來,超過 1700 人因為吃到餵養這藥的豬隻而中毒,而且萊克多巴胺已經在超過 160 個不同的國家中因為對人體健康的影響被禁止用於餵食動物。2013 年 2 月 11 號俄羅斯發表禁止美國牛肉進口,預計持續到美國同意證明肉裡面不含萊克多巴胺。

At present, the US does not even test for the presence of this drug in meats sold. In animals, ractopamine is linked to reductions in reproductive function, increase of mastitis in dairy herds, and increased death and disability. It’s also known to affect the human cardiovascular system, and is thought to be responsible for hyperactivity, and may cause chromosomal abnormalities and behavioral changes.

直到現金,美國仍然沒有在銷售的肉品中測試這藥的存在。對動物來說,萊克多巴胺會導致生殖系統功能下降、增加乳牛的乳腺炎和促進死亡和殘廢。另外也被眾所皆知的對人心血管系統有影響,並且是被認為是過動症、染色體異常的原因。

reproductive 生殖
disability 殘廢
hyperactivity 過動症
abnormality 異常

Where it’s banned: 160 countries across Europe, Russia, mainland China and Republic of China (Taiwan)

在哪邊被禁止:160個橫跨歐洲、俄羅斯、中國大陸和台灣

#4: Flame Retardant Drinks

#4: 火焰阻燃劑添加飲料



If you live in the US and drink Mountain Dew and some other citrus-flavored sodas and sports drinks, then you are also getting a dose of a synthetic chemical called brominated vegetable oil (BVO), which was originally patented by chemical companies as a flame retardant.

假設你住在美國喝著激浪(百事可樂的一個品牌)或是其他有著柑橘風味的蘇打水和運動飲料,那你同時也喝下一劑叫做溴化植物油(BVO)的合成化學物質,其原先是在化學工廠註冊用來做為火焰阻燃劑。

citrus 柑橘

BVO has been shown to bioaccumulate in human tissue and breast milk, and animal studies have found it causes reproductive and behavioral problems in large doses. Bromine is a central nervous system depressant, and a common endocrine disruptor. It’s part of the halide family, a group of elements that includes fluorine, chlorine and iodine.

BVO 已經被證實會堆積在人體組織和母乳中,並且在動物研究上發現它在大劑量中會導致生殖系統和行為上的病變。溴是中樞神經系統阻抗劑,是一種常見的內分泌干擾物。溴是一種鹵化物元素,其包含了氟、氯和碘。

breast milk 母乳
depressant  阻抗劑
endocrine 內分泌

When ingested, bromine competes for the same receptors that are used to capture iodine. This can lead to iodine deficiency, which can have a very detrimental impact on your health. Bromine toxicity can manifest as skin rashes, acne, loss of appetite, fatigue, and cardiac arrhythmias. According to the featured article:

當攝入溴,溴會跟碘搶奪受器。這會造成典缺乏症,這會對你的健康造成決定性的影響。由底下的文章提到,溴中毒的症狀為皮疹、痤瘡、食慾不振、乏力心律失常。

manifest 症狀 

“The FDA has flip-flopped on BVO’s safety originally classifying it as ‘generally recognized as safe’ but reversing that call now defining it as an ‘interim food additive’ a category reserved for possibly questionable substances used in food.”

"美國食品和藥物管理局 BVO 的安全性搖擺不定,原本被分類再 "公認安全",但現在又逆轉將其定義成 "臨時食品添加劑" 一類型保留可能值得商榷用於食品的安全的物質。"

interim 臨時

Where it’s banned: Europe and Japan

在哪邊被禁止:歐洲和日本

#5: Processed Foods Containing Artificial Food Colors and Dyes

#5: 含有人工色素的加工食品


More than 3,000 food additives — preservatives, flavorings, colors and other ingredients — are added to US foods, including infant foods and foods targeted to young children. Meanwhile, many of these are banned in other countries, based on research showing toxicity and hazardous health effects, especially with respect to adverse effects on children’s behavior. For example, as reported in the featured article:

超過三百種的食物添加劑 — 防腐劑、調味料、色素和其他成份被加進美國的食物中,包括嬰兒食品和給小孩準備的食物。在這同時,一部分的這些食物添加劑在其他國家是被禁止的,實驗證實其有毒性並對有害健康,尤其是對兒童的行為有不良的影響。根據這篇高亮表示的文章指出:

ingredient 成份
infant 嬰兒
hazardous 危險
adverse 不利的

“Boxed Mac & Cheese, cheddar flavored crackers, Jell-O and many kids’ cereals contain red 40, yellow 5, yellow 6 and/or blue 2, the most popularly-used dyes in the United States. Research has shown this rainbow of additives can cause behavioral problems as well as cancer, birth defects and other health problems in laboratory animals. Red 40 and yellow 6 are also suspected of causing an allergy-like hypersensitivity reaction in children. The Center for Science in the Public Interest reports that some dyes are also “contaminated with known carcinogens.”

"起司通心麵、高達乾酪味的餅乾、果凍和許多兒童麥片含有在美國最普遍使用的食用色素紅色40號、黃色5號、黃色6號和藍色2號。實驗證實這些像彩虹的添加劑會造成實驗動物行為上的影響像是癌症、早夭和其他健康方面的問題。紅色40號和黃色6號同時也懷疑對兒童的過動症有影響。在科學中心的公共利益的報告中指出,一些食用色素已經被已知的致癌物質汙染。"

allergy 過敏

In countries where these food colors and dyes are banned, food companies like Kraft employ natural colorants instead, such as paprika extract, beetroot, and annatto. The food blogger and activist Vani Hari, better known as “Food Babe,” recently launched a Change.org petition asking Kraft to remove artificial dyes from American Mac & Cheese to protect American children from the well-known dangers of these dyes.

在這些食用色素被禁止的國家中,食品公司像是 Kraft 用天然的著色劑代替,像是辣椒萃取物和著色劑。食物部落格 "Food Babe" 和行動家 Vani Hari 最近架起一個名為 Change.org 的網站並像 Kraft 食品公司請願,希望能不在美國起司通心麵裡不添加人工色素以保護美國兒童遠離這些已知的危險色素。

colorants 著色劑
paprika 辣椒

Where it’s banned: Norway and Austria. In 2009, the British government advised companies to stop using food dyes by the end of that year. The European Union also requires a warning notice on most foods containing dyes.

在哪邊被禁止:挪威和奧地利。在 2009 年年底,英國政府建議食品公司停止使用食用色素。歐盟同時要求大部分食物含有食用色素需要警告標示。

#6: Arsenic-Laced Chicken

#6: 含有砷的雞



Arsenic-based drugs are approved for use in animal feed in the US because they make animals grow quicker and make the meat appear pinker (i.e. “fresher”). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated these products are safe because they contain organic arsenic, which is less toxic than the other inorganic form, which is a known carcinogen.

砷基藥物在美國被准許用於動物飼料的原因是會使得動物成長更快且使得肉顯得更加粉紅(更新鮮的意思)。美國食品和藥物管理局(FDA)聲明這些產品是安全的基於它們含有的是有機砷,對比於那些非有機砷(致癌物)來講毒性較低。

carcinogen 致癌物

The problem is, scientific reports surfaced stating that the organic arsenic could transform into inorganic arsenic, which has been found in elevated levels in supermarket chickens. The inorganic arsenic also contaminates manure where it can eventually migrate into drinking water and may also be causing heightened arsenic levels in US rice.

然而問題是, 科學報告提出有機砷可能會轉換成非有機砷,並且已經在超級市場裡的雞有發現。這些非有機砷同時也汙染排泄物並終究轉移到飲用水中同時導致加劇美國米中的砷含量。

surfaced stating 浮出水面
manure 排泄物
heightened 加劇

In 2011, Pfizer announced it would voluntarily stop marketing its arsenic-based feed additive Roxarsone, but there are still several others on the market. Several environmental groups have filed a lawsuit against the FDA calling for their removal from the market. In the European Union, meanwhile, arsenic-based compounds have never been approved as safe for animal feed.

在 2011 年,輝瑞製藥公司(Pfizer)公自願停止銷售其含砷飼料添加劑 Roxarsone, 但是市面上仍然有其他種類。許多環境保護團體已對 FDA 提起訴訟,要求它們在市場撤離。就在此時歐盟重來沒有准許砷基化合物使用於動物飼料中。

lawsuit 訴訟

Where it’s banned: The European Union

在哪邊被禁止:歐盟

#7: Bread with Potassium Bromate

#7: 含有溴酸鉀的麵包


You might not be aware of this, but nearly every time you eat bread in a restaurant or consume a hamburger or hotdog bun you are consuming bromide, as it is commonly used in flours. The use of potassium bromate as an additive to commercial breads and baked goods has been a huge contributor to bromide overload in Western cultures.

你可能沒注意到這個,不過接近每次你在餐廳吃麵包或是買一個漢堡或是熱狗堡你都在吸收溴,因為它普遍用在麵粉中。溴化鉀作為添加劑使用於商業麵包和烘培物品對西方社會的溴攝取過量有決定性的影響。

Bromated flour is “enriched” with potassium bromate. Commercial baking companies claim it makes the dough more elastic and better able to stand up to bread hooks. However, Pepperidge Farm and other successful companies manage to use only unbromated flour without any of these so-called “structural problems.” Studies have linked potassium bromate to kidney and nervous system damage, thyroid problems, gastrointestinal discomfort, and cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies potassium bromate as a possible carcinogen.

溴酸鉀麵粉含有豐富的溴酸鉀。商業烘培公司宣稱它使得麵皮更有彈性且更容易立起來。然而 Pepperidge 農場和其他成功的公司只使用不含溴的麵粉,也沒有這些被稱為"結構上的問題"。研究證實溴酸鉀和腎臟以及神經系統損傷、甲狀腺問題、胃腸道不適和癌症有關聯。國際癌症研究機構將溴酸鉀定位在可能的致癌物。

dough 麵皮
thyroid 甲狀腺
gastrointestinal 胃腸道

Where it’s banned: Canada, China and the EU

在哪邊被禁止:加拿大、中國大陸和歐盟

#8: Olestra/Olean

#8: 人造油脂 Olestra/Olean


Olestra, aka Olean, created by Procter & Gamble, is a calorie- and cholesterol-free fat substitute used in fat-free snacks like chips and French fries. Three years ago, Time Magazine named it one of the worst 50 inventions ever, but that hasn’t stopped food companies from using it to satisfy people’s mistaken belief that a fat-free snack is a healthier snack. According to the featured article:

由寶僑公司(Procter & Gamble)開發的人造油脂 Olestra 或稱為 Olean,  是一不含熱量和膽固醇的脂肪,作為低脂點心像是洋芋片和炸薯條的替代品。三年前,時代雜誌指名這是 50 項最糟糕發明裡的一種,不過卻不能阻止食物公司使用它作為滿足人們對低脂點心是比較健康的的錯誤信仰。根據這篇高亮表示的文章指出:

“Not only did a 2011 study from Purdue University conclude rats fed potato chips made with Olean gained weight, there have been several reports of adverse intestinal reactions to the fake fat including diarrhea, cramps and leaky bowels. And because it interferes with the absorption of fat soluble vitamins such as A, D, E and K, the FDA requires these vitamins be added to any product made with Olean or olestra.”

"不只是普渡大學 2011 年的研究結論出老鼠餵食用 Olean 製作的洋芋片會增加體重,仍然有許多不良的腸道反映報告指出假脂肪會造成腹瀉、痙攣和腸漏症。由於其干擾脂溶性維他命像是 A, D, E 和 K 的吸收,美國食品藥品管理局(FDA)要求用 Olean 或是 Olestra 製作的產品要添加這些維他命。"

diarrhea 腹瀉
cramp 痙攣
interfere 干擾

Where it’s banned: The UK and Canada

在哪邊被禁止:英國和加拿大

#9: Preservatives BHA and BHT

#9: 防腐劑 BHA 和 BHT

BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) are commonly used preservatives that can be found in breakfast cereal, nut mixes, chewing gum, butter spread, meat, dehydrated potatoes, and beer, just to name a few. BHA is known to cause cancer in rats, and may be a cancer-causing agent in humans as well. In fact, according to the US Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program’s 2011 Report on Carcinogens, BHA “is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.” It may also trigger allergic reactions and hyperactivity, while BHT can cause organ system toxicity.

BHA(丁基羥基茴香醚)和BHT(二丁基羥基甲苯)是普遍使用的防腐劑,可以在只舉例其中幾種像是早餐麥片、混和堅果、口香糖、塗抹奶油肉類、脫水馬鈴薯和啤酒中發現。BHA 已被認知會對老鼠致癌,因此也可能會對人體致癌。事實上,根據美國衛生和人類服務部 "
2011國家毒理學計劃致癌物報告" 中指出 BHA 有合理的理由預計成為對人體致癌物。它可能會觸發過敏反應和過動症,而 BHT 會造成器官系統毒性。

dehydrate 脫水

Where it’s banned: The UK doesn’t allow BHA in infant foods. BHA and BHT are also banned in parts of the European Union and Japan.

在哪邊被禁止:英國不准許 BHA 加入嬰兒食物。BHA 和 BHT 同時也被部分歐盟成員國和日本所禁止。

#10: Milk and Dairy Products Laced with rBGH

#10: 牛奶和乳製品參雜 rBGH


Recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH) is the largest selling dairy animal drug in America. RBGH is a synthetic version of natural bovine somatotropin (BST), a hormone produced in cows’ pituitary glands. Monsanto developed the recombinant version from genetically engineered E. coli bacteria and markets it under the brand name “Posilac.”

重組牛類生長激素(rBGH)是美國賣得最好的酪農藥品。RBGH 是合成版本的天然牛隻生長激素(BST),一種在牛腦垂體產生的激素。孟山都公司(Monsanto)發展出利用基因工程改造的大腸桿菌生產的重組版本,市面上的品牌名稱為 "Posilac"

It’s injected into cows to increase milk production, but it is banned in at least 30 other nations because of its dangers to human health, which include an increased risk for colorectal, prostate, and breast cancer by promoting conversion of normal tissue cells into cancerous ones. Non-organic dairy farms frequently have rBGH-injected cows that suffer at least 16 different adverse health conditions, including very high rates of mastitis that contaminate milk with pus and antibiotics.

它被注射進牛隻中以增加牛奶的產量,但是它被至少 30 個其他國家所禁止因為其有害人體健康,包括大腸癌、前列腺癌的風險增加並會促進正常組織細胞轉換成癌細胞。非有機的酪農場常常使得 rBGH 注射的牛隻遭受至少 16 種不同的不利的健康狀況,包括非常高機率牛奶會被膿液和抗生素汙染的弊病。

pus 膿液

“According to the American Cancer Society, the increased use of antibiotics to treat this type of rBGH-induced inflammation does promote the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but the extent to which these are transmitted to humans is unclear,’” the featured article states.

"根據美國癌症學會指出,使用抗生素治療 rBGH 類型發炎症情況的增加的確會加速細菌抵抗抗生素的進化,不過目前還不清楚甚麼情況下會傳染給人類。"這個高亮的文章提到的。

inflammation 發炎

Many have tried to inform the public of the risks of using this hormone in dairy cows, but their attempts have been met with overwhelming opposition by the powerful dairy and pharmaceutical industries, and their government liaisons. In 1997, two Fox-affiliate investigative journalists, Jane Akre and Steve Wilson, attempted to air a program exposing the truth about the dangers of rBGH. Lawyers for Monsanto, a major advertiser with the Florida network, sent letters promising “dire consequences” if the story aired.

許多人嘗試去通知大眾對酪農牛隻使用這激素的危險性,不過他們的常是碰到了大型的酪農和醫藥工業的強烈反對,並和政府勾結。在 1997 年兩個福克斯聯盟的調查記者 Jane Akre 和 Steve Wilson 試著公開 rBGH 危險性的真相。佛羅里達州網絡的主要廣告客戶孟山都的律師,寄了封信表明說這故事公開的話會有"危險的後果"。

hormone 激素
dire 可怕
consequences 後果

Despite decades of evidence about the dangers of rBGH, the FDA still maintains it’s safe for human consumption and ignores scientific evidence to the contrary. In 1999, the United Nations Safety Agency ruled unanimously not to endorse or set safety standards for rBGH milk, which has effectively resulted in an international ban on US milk.4 The Cancer Prevention Coalition, trying for years to get the use of rBGH by the dairy industry banned, resubmitted a petition to FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg, MD, in January 2010.5 Although the FDA stubbornly sticks to its position that milk from rBGH-treated cows is no different than milk from untreated cows, this is just plain false and is not supported by science. The only way to avoid rBGH is to look for products labeled as “rBGH-free” or “No rBGH.”

儘管這幾十年來證明 rBGH 的危險, 美國食品藥品監督管理局仍然維持它給人體吸收的安全性並忽視相反的科學證據。在 1999 年,聯合國安全局一致裁定不認同 rBGH 的牛奶或是對其設下安全標準,有效的導致美國牛哪在國際上被禁止。癌症防治聯盟多年努力試著使 rBGH 禁止使用在酪農業,美國食品藥品監督管理局專員,醫學博士 Margaret Hamburg 在 2010 年一月重新提出一份請願書。雖然美國食品藥品監督管理局固執地堅持其立場,即注射 rBGH 奶牛的牛奶比未經注射的奶牛的牛奶是沒有什麼不同,這僅僅是不被支持科學所支持。唯一能夠避開 rBGH 的方法是看產品是有有標示 "rBGH-free" 或是 "NO rBGH"。

despite 儘管
decade 十年
evidence 證據
contrary 相反
unanimously 一致
petition 請願
stubbornly 固執


Where it’s banned: Australia, New Zealand, Israel, EU and Canada

在哪邊被禁止:澳洲、紐西蘭、以色列、歐盟和加拿大。